Unveiling Secrets of War in the Peruvian Andes

Paper $37.00 ISBN: 9780226302713 Published April 2011

Cloth $112.00 ISBN: 9780226302706 Published April 2011

The Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path launched its violent campaign against the government in Peru’s Ayacucho region in 1980. When the military and counterinsurgency police forces were dispatched to oppose the insurrection, the violence quickly escalated. The peasant community of Sarhua was at the epicenter of the conflict, and this small village is the focus of Unveiling Secrets of War in the Peruvian Andes. There, nearly a decade after the event, Olga M. González follows the tangled thread of a public secret: the disappearance of Narciso Huicho, the man blamed for plunging Sarhua into a conflict that would sunder the community for years.

Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a novel use of a cycle of paintings, González examines the relationship between secrecy and memory. Her attention to the gaps and silences within both the Sarhuinos’ oral histories and the paintings reveals the pervasive reality of secrecy for people who have endured episodes of intense violence. González conveys how public secrets turn the process of unmasking into a complex mode of truth telling. Ultimately, public secrecy is an intricate way of “remembering to forget” that establishes a normative truth that makes life livable in the aftermath of a civil war.

Table of Contents

Contents
Review Quotes

Contents

Illustrations: Maps, Table, Figures

1 Introduction

Secret or Forgotten Memories?

The Making of the Ethnography

2 The Village and the Impact of Political Violence

Sarhua Llaqta: The Village of Sarhua and Its People

The Times of Danger

3 The Said and the Unsaid

An Unusual Visit

Intended Forgetfulness

Gossip

The Missing Image of the Disappeared Man

Envy

Ressentiment

Confession

The Power to Silence

4 The Production of “Truth”

Old and New Sarhuino Painting Traditions

Events, Blamed Actors and Time Sequence in the “Piraq Causa”

Absent Themes

Unexpected Viewers and the Question of “Truth”

The Role of Imagination

Traces of the Real

Relationship between the Image and the Text

Condensation, Exaggeration, and Accentuation

Symbolism

5 Social Disruption

The Threat of Individualism: An Inside Enemy

The Threat of Outside Enemies: A Call for Unity

A Threat to Abolish the “Varayoqkuna” System: A Sign of Disunity

6 A Familiar Secret

A Crucial Alliance

A Deferred Response

The Final Push

The Uprising

Capricho

The Expulsion

Sarhua Charged with Terrorism

Narciso Seeks Revenge

The Community’s Reaction

A Secretly Deserved Death

7 Ambiguous Realities

Narciso Appears in Dreams

Between the Visible and the Invisible

Qarqachas

Defiant Qarqachas

Condenados

The Condenado of Ranranizio

The Condenado of Aywiri

8 Behind the Visible

Another “Disappearance”

Secret 1: The Invisible Presence of the State

Secret 2: Communal Justice or Private Revenge?

Secret 3: The Community’s Endorsement of Justiniano andSendero

Secret 4: The Surrender and Pardon of Sarhuino Senderistas

9 Conclusions

Afterword Coda to an Investigation: New Findings and Old

Appendixes

Appendix A: The Piraq Causa Paintings

Appendix B: The General Law of Peasant Communities

Appendix C: Communal Meeting of November 30, 1996

Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

Notes

References

Review Quotes

Fiona Wilson | Journal of Latin American Studies

“Olga González has written an original and insightful work on political violence from the perspective of a rural community in the Peruvian Andes. At the centre of the book is a story of two deaths, one associated with the onset of political violence and the other with its escalation. . . . What González demonstrates with great skill is the ambivalence and longevity of public secrecy, perceptible in its own invisibility, that is part of the reality of war.”

Miguel La Serna | American Anthropologist

“Unveiling Secrets of War in the Peruvian Andes is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of memory, violence, and reconciliation in Peru and beyond. Methodologically savvy and smartly written, it is a welcome addition to a burgeoning literature on the psychological, cultural, and political effects of the Peruvian conflict on Ayacuchan communities. . . . In examining the silences and secrets that accompany memory production in postconflict Ayacucho, González’s theoretically sophisticated study enters a broader discussion about how postconflict communities reconcile, reorganize, and remember.”

Victoria Sanford, Lehman College, CUNY

“Olga González’s ethnographic meditation on identity, history, violence, inequality, and cultural transformation is a joy to read. She skillfully uses community art as an entry point to explore and theorize community experiences of survival and memories of political violence. While providing a thorough political history of the Peruvian conflict, González takes on the ever thorny challenge of analyzing local political culture and memory in relation to local and national power structures over time. In writing that is sharp and insightful, she offers a cutting-edge analysis of local remembering and forgetting juxtaposed with recorded historic events. This is anthropology at its best and a real treat to read.”

Orin Starn

“Olga González belongs to a new generation of scholars concerned with the politics of truth and memory in the wake of Peru’s bloody civil war. In Unveiling Secrets of War in the Peruvian Andes,she uses her extensive, deeply sensitive fieldwork in Sarhua, a Quechua-speaking village, and a remarkable cycle of paintings by local artists to explore matters of secrecy, the said and unsaid, and hatred and reconciliation. The result is a theoretically savvy, absorbing, and very moving piece of work that gives us a whole new way of understanding both the war in Peru and the long shadow it casts upon Andean life even today.”--Orin Starn, Duke University

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Anthropology: Cultural and Social Anthropology

History: Latin American History

Latin American Studies

Media Studies

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