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Mahler’s Symphonic World

Music for the Age of Uncertainty

A new analysis of Mahler’s symphonies, placing each within the context of his musical way of being in and experiencing the world.

Between 1888 and 1909 Gustav Mahler completed nine symphonies and the orchestral song cycle Das Lied von der Erde; his tenth symphony was left incomplete at his death in 1911. Mahler’s Symphonic World provocatively suggests that over his lifetime, the composer pursued a single vision and a single, ideal symphony that strived to capture his personal outlook on human existence. Writing at the turn of the twentieth century, when all trust in firm philosophical and spiritual foundations had evaporated, Mahler’s music reflected a deep preoccupation with human suffering and transience and a search for sources of possible consolation.

In Karol Berger’s reading, each of the symphonies follows a similar trajectory, with an opening quest leading to the final unveiling of a transcendent, consolatory vision. By juxtaposing single movements—the opening Allegros, the middle movements, the Finales—across different works, Berger traces recurring plotlines and imagery and discloses the works’ multiple interrelationships as well as their cohesiveness around a central idea. Ultimately, Mahler’s Symphonic World locates Mahler’s music within the matrix of intellectual currents that defined his epoch and offers a revelatory picture of his musical way of being in the world.

392 pages | 19 line drawings, 48 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2025

Music: General Music

Reviews

“Deploying a brilliant range of literary and philosophical sources in tandem with innovative analyses of all that is most striking in Mahler’s symphonic world, Karol Berger grants the composer his greatest reach as a cultural force during a time when the once reassuring foundations of reason were rapidly giving way to the existential alarms of modernity. The book’s creatively designed structure stems from the imaginative supposition that Mahler composed one ideal symphony, emanating from resonant features shared by the movement types of his real symphonies.”

Scott Burnham, Graduate Center, City University of New York

“Berger’s book provides important suggestions for a new reading of Mahler’s compositional world. By analyzing his symphonies not work by work but rather through comparisons of individual movements of the same kind, Berger clearly brings into focus their role in either fulfilling the Viennese symphonic norms, expanding them, or altogether exploding them. This immensely insightful treatise opens up challenging new perspectives that will be of great importance for future research—not only into the dimensions of Mahler’s symphonic oeuvre but also in the multifaceted history of symphony in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.”

Peter Revers, University of Music and Performing Arts Graz

Table of Contents

Preface

Prologue: The Lesson of Mahler

1. Cycles: The Norm and Its Extensions

2. Allegro: The March of the World
The First: Art before Art
The Second: Building and Breaking
The Third: The Rite of Summer
The Fourth: Neoclassicism and Exhaustion
The Fifth: The Tentative Triumph
The Sixth: The Programmatic Temptation
The Seventh: The Intransitive Anticipation
The Ninth: The Amalgamation of Forms
The Tenth: Music and Autobiography
 
3. Andante: The Respite
The Funeral March
The First: Jewishness in Music
The Dance-Based Andante
The Second: Remembrance of Music’s Past
The Third: The Dance of the jeunes filles en fleurs
The Serenade
The Sixth: Night Music I
The Seventh: Night Music II and III
 
4. Scherzo: The Run of the World
The First: Danse à la campagne and Danse à la ville
The Second: An Outsider Looks In
The Third: Animals Listen
The Fourth: Dancing till We Drop
The Fifth: La Valse
The Sixth: The Invention of Cubism
The Seventh: Night Music IV
The Ninth: The Development of Cubism
The Rondo-Burleske of the Ninth: The Wild Chase
Postscript: The Tenth
 
5. Finale: In Search of Consolation
The Allegro-Finale
The First: The Breakthrough
The Sixth: The Unmotivated Catastrophe
The Rondo-Finale
The Fifth: The Taking Back of the Ninth
The Seventh: On the Nuremberg Meadow
The Adagio-Finale
The Third: Love Descending
The Ninth: On the Heights
The Vocal Finale
The Second: The Taking Up of the Ninth
The Fourth: Finding the Solution
 
6. The Vocal Cycles
The Eighth Symphony
I. Hymnus: Veni, creator spiritus
II. Schlußszene aus “Faust”
Das Lied von der Erde
I. Das Trinklied vom Jammer der Erde
II. Der Einsame im Herbst
III. Von der Jugend
IV. Von der Schönheit
V. Der Trunkene im Frühling
VI. Der Abschied
 
7. Symphonies for the Age of Uncertainty
The Sense of an Ending
How Poor a Yea-Sayer Was Mahler?
The Worldview Music
 
Epilogue: The Lesson of Proust
Acknowledgments
Symphonic Works
Chronology
Notes
Bibliography
Index

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