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Islam Translated

Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia

Islam Translated

Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia

The spread of Islam eastward into South and Southeast Asia was one of the most significant cultural shifts in world history. As it expanded into these regions, Islam was received by cultures vastly different from those in the Middle East, incorporating them into a diverse global community that stretched from India to the Philippines.

In Islam Translated, Ronit Ricci uses the Book of One Thousand Questions—from its Arabic original to its adaptations into the Javanese, Malay, and Tamil languages between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries—as a means to consider connections that linked Muslims across divides of distance and culture. Examining the circulation of this Islamic text and its varied literary forms, Ricci explores how processes of literary translation and religious conversion were historically interconnected forms of globalization, mutually dependent, and creatively reformulated within societies making the transition to Islam.

336 pages | 4 halftones, 3 maps | 6 x 9 | © 2011

South Asia Across the Disciplines

Asian Studies: Southeast Asia and Australia

History: Asian History

Literature and Literary Criticism: Asian Languages

Reviews

“Ronit Ricci has succeeded in writing a book that combines scrupulous examination of textual shifts, concepts, imagery, and genre with a tremendously persuasive argument and a stimulating reading of the differences in translation process between languages and cultures. This book helps us to understand the differing ways in which Arabic and Arabic writings moved into other literatures and takes readers through a rich and detailed journey of imagery and language. This is a fascinating book that will appeal widely to anyone concerned with translation in its historical and cultural contexts.”

Michael C. Gilsenan, New York University

“This is a trail-blazing study about the dynamics of writing within the Arabic cosmopolis around the Indian Ocean, a topic that awaits further explorations. Ronit Ricci’s tantalizing close readings of particular versions of the Book of One Thousand Questions show an impressive knowledge and again and again open it up to new views. Islam Translated breathes enthusiasm and pleasure.”

Hendrik Maier, University of California, Riverside

Islam Translated is a remarkable achievement, at once theoretically sophisticated and grounded in tremendously impressive archival research. Grappling with questions fundamental to the humanities, this book promises to serve as a model for future scholarship in area studies and comparative literature.”

Karen Thronber, Harvard University | New Asia Books

“This volume makes a significant contribution to the study of the intersections of language, faith, and culture.”

Choice

“Straddling history and literary theory, this book is a linguistic tour de force, as the author moves effortlessly between Javanese, Malay, Tamil, Arabic, and Hebrew texts. . . . An extraordinary rich and seductive tale of cross-cultural communication and miscommunication.”

Aseasuk News

“A salutary corrective both to ideas of indigenous or Southeast Asian ‘uniqueness’ and of derivative Arabization, this splendid book should be widely read.”

New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies

“An inspiring combination of breathtaking scholarship and humane vision.”

Times Higher Education

“This book succeeds in establishing the importance of literary networks in the spread of Islam. In addition, it provides insights into a range of issues pertaining to a larger literature on questions and answers found across religions traditions, the question of religious authorities, memories of an Islamic past, a lived Islamic present, and shifting cosmopolitanisms—to name a few.”

The Book Review

“A book of extraordinary scholarship and ambitious scope.”

IDRF Book Exchange

“Ronit Ricci’s book is an ambitious, erudite, and accessible work aimed at reformulating our understanding of the language, literature, history, and religion of much of maritime Asia. . . . [It] stands as a landmark in the scholarship on Islam in South and Southeast Asia.”

Indonesia

“Ricci is a gifted reader of texts with a remarkable feel for language, an eye for detail and a superb felicity of expression. . . . Islam Translated communicates to its readers a lively sense of the tremendous creative energy that animated the Islamic textual communities of South and Southeast Asia, and provides a sophisticated framework for understanding the culture-specific practice of translation.”

South Asian History and Culture

“An excellent new book.”

New Books in Islamic Studies

“Deftly argued and neatly written. . . . Although we have a few studies concerned with non-Sanskrit languages and literature, they too mostly focus on non-Islamic writing. Studies on Islamic literary materials remain unexplored. Undoubtedly, Ricci’s book fills this void while successfully analyzing an Islamic narrative that blends local and global Islamic cultural and social aspects.”

H-Asia

 “This is a wonderful book and one to take time over. It brings us into the heart of the process of the formation of Islamic pesisir culture. While dense in detail, it is cogently and elegantly argued and Ricci’s linguistic range is astounding.”

Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs

 “Ronit Ricci presents a novel and innovative approach to the momentous transformations occasioned by the Islamisation of this vast region. . . . Ricci’s presentation of her findings is lucid and convincing, and the many translated passages allow the reader glimpses of the style and character of the texts under consideration. Besides looking at Javanese, Malay, and Tamil texts, she also draws on sources in languages as diverse as Arabic, Latin, and Hebrew. . . . Ricci’s excellent and innovative study should be compulsory reading for anyone interested in the spread of Islam beyond Arabia and serve as a starting point in reconsidering the role of vernacular literatures in the processes of Islamisation across Asia.”

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies

 “The questions Ricci raises in her excavations of Javanese, Malay, and Tamil texts will enliven Asian and Islamic literary studies and embolden scholars to pursue global questions on local terms and through local archives for generations to come.”

CSSH Notes

“A pathbreaking book. . . . Ricci has substantially widened the field of Southeast Asian literary and cultural studies, the comparative study of South and Southeast Asia connections, and our understanding of the processes through which Islam entered the spheres of India, Malaysia, and Indonesia.”

Comparative Literature Studies

Islam Translated is a valuable addition to the study of literary production, Islamization, and translation history, and offers us much to think about and think through. No doubt it will spur additional explorations of the Arabic cosmopolis.”

Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde

 “Ricci approaches her body of related texts with clear instrumentality, using them as far as possible to answer the deeper questions that drive her inquiry, questions related to the cultural workings of the Arabic Cosmopolis. . . . These highly textured discussions and reflexions present a range of questions, arguments, conclusions and musings that invite productive response and debate.”

Asian Studies Review

 “Fascinating and innovative. . . . As a study of religion and literature this book yields terrific new insights and demands new approaches to the perennial questions of great/little or cosmopolitan/vernacular cultural dynamics. . . . It is a fantastic, conversation-starting work that sets a new standard for what we can aspire to in Asian studies.”

Journal of Asian Studies

“This analysis of the Tamil, Javanese, and Malay versions of the Book of One Thousand Questions is a very welcome addition to the already rich literature on translation in Asia.”

The Translator

“Ricci not only offers rich insight for translation studies scholars who are interested in the interface between translation and religion, but also brings home to scholars studying religions that investigation of translation conceptions and practices of faith communities can fruitfully extend our understanding of how religious traditions and identities are articulated.”

Translation Studies

“A significant piece of scholarship on the role of language and literary networks in the spread of Islam and the interplay between the vernacular and cosmopolitan.”

Asian Ethnology

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Abbreviations


1    Introduction: An Arabic Cosmopolis?

Part One: Translation

2    On “Translation” and Its Untranslatability   

3    The Book of Samud: A Javanese Literary Tradition   

4    The Tamil Āyira Macalā: Questions and Marvels   

5    Seribu Masalah: The Malay Book of One Thousand Questions   

Part Two: Conversion

6     Cosmopolitan in Translation: Arabic’s Distant Travels   

7    Conversion to Islam and the Book of One Thousand Questions   

8    A Jew on Java, a Model Malay Rabbi, and a Tamil Torah Scholar: Representations of Abdullah Ibnu Salam and the Prophet in the Book of One Thousand Questions   


Part Three: Conclusion

9    The Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia    

Bibliography

Index

Awards

American Academy of Religion: AAR Award for Excellence - Textual Studies
Shortlist

American Academy of Religion: AAR Best First Book in the History of Religions
Won

The Southeast Asia Council of the AAS: The Harry J. Benda Prize
Won

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