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Framed Time

Toward a Postfilmic Cinema

Italian director Michelangelo Antonioni claimed, three decades ago, that different conceptions of time helped define the split in film between European humanism and American science fiction. And as Garrett Stewart argues here, this transatlantic division has persisted since cinema’s 1995 centenary, made more complex by the digital technology that has detached movies from their dependence on the sequential frames of the celluloid strip.
Brilliantly interpreting dozens of recent films—from Being John Malkovich, Donnie Darko, and The Sixth Sense to La mala educación and Caché —Stewart investigates how their treatments of time reflect the change in media from film’s original rolling reel to today’s digital pixel. He goes on to show—with 140 stills—how American and European narratives confront this shift differently: while Hollywood movies tend to revolve around ghostly afterlives, psychotic doubles, or violent time travel, their European counterparts more often feature second sight, erotic telepathy, or spectral memory. Stewart questions why these recent plots, in exploring temporality, gravitate toward either supernatural or uncanny apparitions rather than themes of digital simulation. In doing so, he provocatively continues the project he began with Between Film and Screen, breaking new ground in visual studies, cinema history, and media theory.

320 pages | 140 halftones | 8 1/2 x 9 1/4 | © 2007

Cinema and Modernity

Film Studies

Literature and Literary Criticism: General Criticism and Critical Theory

Reviews

“Garrett Stewart’s unique sensibility—which combines textual perception with a vigilant receptivity for variations in technology—here affords us rich insights into the ‘time image’ and in particular into the relationship between plot-formation and the digital.  This is wonderful reading and thinking!”

Fredric Jameson

“In this remarkable book, Garrett Stewart demonstrates convincingly that the encounter between the cinematic and the digital has produced a body of films that are emblematic of hybridity, confused temporality, and diminished narrative coherence and control.  Stewart’s innovative and imaginative concept of ‘narratography’ draws attention to those points at which both narrative and technological uncertainty erupt symptomatically into image and idea on the screen.”

Laura Mulvey, Birkbeck College, University of London

“Imagining a retrospective glance from deeper into our new millennium, future scholars of the moving image may come to recognize Garrett Stewart’s Framed Time as provoking a decisive turning point. The object of theory no longer appears between film and screen, but rather between frame and pixel. In this exciting book, Stewart brilliantly pictures the transition where film has disappeared from American and European screens, while cinema has become something else—the expression of digitime as a new consciousness in and of images. The wild variety of how cinema imagines its new virtual life in the Silicon Era is vividly on display in this path-breaking book.”

D. N. Rodowick, Harvard University

“In Framed Time Garrett Stewart applies a narratographic method to map the as yet incomplete transition from a filmic cinema timed by the moving frame to a digital cinema that ‘frames time in its change,’ from imprinted track to transformative array. In startling engagements with individual films Stewart analyzes the various means by which contemporary film narrates its own slow dying and figures what it may become. Audacious and convincing, Framed Time is exhilarating criticism.”

Jerome Christensen, University of California, Irvine

"Framed Time remains compelling both as a study in a particular way of reading that may yet become influential, and a study of what cinema itself is becoming."

Mike Lim | Screening the Past

"An enjoyable and thought-provoking read thanks to its ambition and wide scope. By grounding an otherwise theoretical work in genuine . . . film analysis, Stewart also aims for the development of a bottom-up theory based upon a body of films."

William Brown | New review of Film and Television Studies

Table of Contents

Forewords
Acknowledgments
Introduction: On Optical Allusion

1 Lexeme to Pixel: An Experiment in Narratography
The Golden Bowl  The House of Mirth  Citizen Kane

2 Trick Beginnings and the European Uncanny
Memento  Insomnia  Run Lola Run  Three Colors: Blue  Three Colors: Red  The Double Life of Véronique  The Red Squirrel  Lovers of the Arctic Circle  Time Regained  Simon the Magician  Heaven  Swimming Pool

3 Out of Body in Hollywood
The Matrix  Dark City  The Manchurian Candidate  Abre Los Ojos  Vanilla Sky  A.I. Artificial Intelligence  The Sixth Sense  The Others  Jacob’s Ladder  Adaptation  Identity  One Hour Photo

4 Temportation
Paris Qui Dort  Johnny Mnemonic  Frequency  He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not  Donnie Darko  The Thirteenth Floor  Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind  The Butterfly Effect  2001: A Space Odyssey  Being John Malkovich

5 VR from Cimnemonics to Digitime
The Forgotten  City of Lost Children  Bad Education  The Final Cut  Caché Syriana

6 Media Archaeology, Hermeneutics, Narratography
Minority Report  The Lake House  Happy Accidents  Brokeback Mountain  The Jacket Irreversible

Appendix: Precinematics; or, Reading the Narratogram

Notes
Terms
Index

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