Tolkien once wrote: ’I love Wales - and especially the Welsh language’. This book explores how that love influenced Tolkien’s ideas about language, many aspects of his creative writing, and his sense of an English identity. It describes more fully than before the extent and depth of Tolkien’s debt to Welsh language and literature, and argues that Tolkien’s love of Wales and Welsh is inseparable from his love of, and sense of belonging to, England. The book gives detailed attention to both Tolkien’s fiction and his scholarly writings, including some relatively neglected texts. Wales and Welsh were seminal influences on the writings of the twentieth century’s most popular writer and this book reveals the range and depth of these influences.