Karolinum Press, Charles University
Rhetoric in European Culture and Beyond
9788024622156
9788024625881
9788024630427
Distributed for Karolinum Press, Charles University
Rhetoric in European Culture and Beyond
Rhetoric in European and World Culture traces the position of rhetoric in cultural and educational systems from ancient times to the present. Here, Jirí Kraus examines rhetoric’s decline in importance in a period of rationalism and enlightenment, presents the causes of negative connotations of rhetoric, and explains why rhetoric in the twentieth century regained its prestige.
Kraus demonstrates that the reputation of rhetoric falls when it is reduced to a refined method for deceiving the public and increases when it is seen as a scientific discipline that is used throughout all of the fields of the humanities. In this sense, the author argues, rhetoric strives for universal recognition and the cultivation of rhetorical expression, spoken and written, including not only its production but also reception and interpretation.
Kraus demonstrates that the reputation of rhetoric falls when it is reduced to a refined method for deceiving the public and increases when it is seen as a scientific discipline that is used throughout all of the fields of the humanities. In this sense, the author argues, rhetoric strives for universal recognition and the cultivation of rhetorical expression, spoken and written, including not only its production but also reception and interpretation.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
History of Rhetoric—A Motionless History?
1. THE ORIGIN OF RHETORIC IN ANCIENT GREECE
The Search for Techné
Protagora’s Agonistic Rhetoric
First Teachers
Ancient Rhetoric as a Model of Persuasive Communication
Plato’s Unending Dispute with Rhetoric
Isocrates’s Programme of Rhetoric in Service of Political Culture
Aristotle as Ancient Rhetoric’s Pinnacle
On the Art of Persuasion in Rhetoric to Alexander
2. HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN RHETORIC
The Birth of Hellenistic Philology
Rhetorical Instruction in the Hellenistic Period
Hermagoras of Temnos and the Stasis Theory
Rhetoric in Ancient Rome
Rhetorica ad Herennium (Ad. C. herennium de ratione dicenti libri quattuor)
Cicero’s Perfect Orator as Citizen, an Advocate of Law and a Politician
Quintillian’s Institutes of Oratory
Pliny the Younger and Tacitus on the Role of Rhetoric in Imperial Rome
The Second Sophistic and Hermogene’s Rhetoric as a Stasis System
3. RHETORICAL AND MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CULTURE
Rhetoric and the Seven Liberal Arts Allegory in Martianus Capella
Augustine of Hippo—Preacher, Rhetorician, Polemicist
Tropica Boethii—Rhetoric in Service of Dialects
Cassiodorus’s Encyclopaedic View of the Christian World
Isidore of Seville and the Origin of Scholastic Education
Rhetoric as Part of Grammar: The Venerable Bede
Alcuin of York: a Teacher of Wisdom and Eloquence
Artes Praedicandi: The Art of Preaching in the Middle Ages
Artes Dictaminis: The Art of Rhetoric’s New Face
Artes Poetriae: Theory and Practice of Written Discourse
Rhetoric in Medieval Byzantium
4. FROM HUMANISM TO THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Rhetoric during Humanism and Renaissance
Lorenzo Valla, a Renaissance Philologist
George of Trebizond
Byzantine Rhetoric after the Fall of Constantinople
Rudolphus Agricola
Rhetoric in the Works of Desiderius Erasmus
Philipp Melanchthon’s Authority of Protestant Rhetoric
Petrus Ramus and Omer Talon. The Tradition of Philippo-Ramian Rhetoric Books
Francesco Patrizi’s Perfetta Rhetorica
5. BAROQUE RHETROCI IN SERVICE OF THE CHURCH
Soarez’s Jesuit Rhetoric
Caussin’s Figures, Symbols and Emblems
Jesuit Rhetoric in Bohemia and Poland. Bohuslav Balbín
Protestant Rhetoric and Preaching Textbooks
Bartholomaeus Keckermann and the Gdansk Rhetroci
Vossius’s Rhetoric of Rhetorical Affects
Comenius’s Brethren Rhetoric
Religious, Political and Cultural Prerequisites for the Rhetorical Boom in Russia and Ukraine
6. SCHOLARLY COMMUNITY REPLACED BY THE REPUBLIC OF LETTERS. PHOLOSOPHY VERSUS RHETORIC AT THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW ERA
Bacon’s Polemical Dialogue with Rhetoric
Hobbes’s Rhetoric as a Political Weapon
Bernard Lamy’s Cartesian inspirations
7. TASTE NORMS AND CRITERIA IN 18TH-CENTURY RHETORIC
Fénelon’s Rhetoric as an Art of Portraiture
Du Marsais and His Project of Philosophical Rhetoric
Vico’s Institutiones oratoriae and Project of a “New Science”
Rhetoric, Teaching Refined Taste (Bouhours, Rollin, Dubos)
Adam Smith and Scottish Rhetoric
Rhetoric in Spain and Gregorio Mayans y Siscar
Philological Orientation of Rhetoric in Germany – Johann Christoph Gottsched
Lomonosov and the Development of Classicism in Russia
8. RHETORIC IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Rhetoric
19th-Century Rhetoric in France. Fontainier’s Semantic Theory of Tropes and Figures
19th-Century Rhetoric in England. Whately, Bain, Spencer
Jungmann’s Slovesnost as Rhetoric for Readers’ Edification and Taste
9. RHETORIC IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Rhetoric—Inspiration for Language, Literary and Philosophical Discourses
Rhetoric in the United States against Barriers in Communication
Rhetoric since Mid-20th Century in Germany and Austria
Theory of Argumentation in the Work of Chaim Perelman and Stephen Toulmin
Rhetoric in the Second Half of the 20th Century in Romance Countries
10. OTHER RHETORICAL THEORIES AND OTHER CULTURES
EPILOGUE
NOTES
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
NAME INDEX
History of Rhetoric—A Motionless History?
1. THE ORIGIN OF RHETORIC IN ANCIENT GREECE
The Search for Techné
Protagora’s Agonistic Rhetoric
First Teachers
Ancient Rhetoric as a Model of Persuasive Communication
Plato’s Unending Dispute with Rhetoric
Isocrates’s Programme of Rhetoric in Service of Political Culture
Aristotle as Ancient Rhetoric’s Pinnacle
On the Art of Persuasion in Rhetoric to Alexander
2. HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN RHETORIC
The Birth of Hellenistic Philology
Rhetorical Instruction in the Hellenistic Period
Hermagoras of Temnos and the Stasis Theory
Rhetoric in Ancient Rome
Rhetorica ad Herennium (Ad. C. herennium de ratione dicenti libri quattuor)
Cicero’s Perfect Orator as Citizen, an Advocate of Law and a Politician
Quintillian’s Institutes of Oratory
Pliny the Younger and Tacitus on the Role of Rhetoric in Imperial Rome
The Second Sophistic and Hermogene’s Rhetoric as a Stasis System
3. RHETORICAL AND MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CULTURE
Rhetoric and the Seven Liberal Arts Allegory in Martianus Capella
Augustine of Hippo—Preacher, Rhetorician, Polemicist
Tropica Boethii—Rhetoric in Service of Dialects
Cassiodorus’s Encyclopaedic View of the Christian World
Isidore of Seville and the Origin of Scholastic Education
Rhetoric as Part of Grammar: The Venerable Bede
Alcuin of York: a Teacher of Wisdom and Eloquence
Artes Praedicandi: The Art of Preaching in the Middle Ages
Artes Dictaminis: The Art of Rhetoric’s New Face
Artes Poetriae: Theory and Practice of Written Discourse
Rhetoric in Medieval Byzantium
4. FROM HUMANISM TO THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Rhetoric during Humanism and Renaissance
Lorenzo Valla, a Renaissance Philologist
George of Trebizond
Byzantine Rhetoric after the Fall of Constantinople
Rudolphus Agricola
Rhetoric in the Works of Desiderius Erasmus
Philipp Melanchthon’s Authority of Protestant Rhetoric
Petrus Ramus and Omer Talon. The Tradition of Philippo-Ramian Rhetoric Books
Francesco Patrizi’s Perfetta Rhetorica
5. BAROQUE RHETROCI IN SERVICE OF THE CHURCH
Soarez’s Jesuit Rhetoric
Caussin’s Figures, Symbols and Emblems
Jesuit Rhetoric in Bohemia and Poland. Bohuslav Balbín
Protestant Rhetoric and Preaching Textbooks
Bartholomaeus Keckermann and the Gdansk Rhetroci
Vossius’s Rhetoric of Rhetorical Affects
Comenius’s Brethren Rhetoric
Religious, Political and Cultural Prerequisites for the Rhetorical Boom in Russia and Ukraine
6. SCHOLARLY COMMUNITY REPLACED BY THE REPUBLIC OF LETTERS. PHOLOSOPHY VERSUS RHETORIC AT THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW ERA
Bacon’s Polemical Dialogue with Rhetoric
Hobbes’s Rhetoric as a Political Weapon
Bernard Lamy’s Cartesian inspirations
7. TASTE NORMS AND CRITERIA IN 18TH-CENTURY RHETORIC
Fénelon’s Rhetoric as an Art of Portraiture
Du Marsais and His Project of Philosophical Rhetoric
Vico’s Institutiones oratoriae and Project of a “New Science”
Rhetoric, Teaching Refined Taste (Bouhours, Rollin, Dubos)
Adam Smith and Scottish Rhetoric
Rhetoric in Spain and Gregorio Mayans y Siscar
Philological Orientation of Rhetoric in Germany – Johann Christoph Gottsched
Lomonosov and the Development of Classicism in Russia
8. RHETORIC IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Rhetoric
19th-Century Rhetoric in France. Fontainier’s Semantic Theory of Tropes and Figures
19th-Century Rhetoric in England. Whately, Bain, Spencer
Jungmann’s Slovesnost as Rhetoric for Readers’ Edification and Taste
9. RHETORIC IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Rhetoric—Inspiration for Language, Literary and Philosophical Discourses
Rhetoric in the United States against Barriers in Communication
Rhetoric since Mid-20th Century in Germany and Austria
Theory of Argumentation in the Work of Chaim Perelman and Stephen Toulmin
Rhetoric in the Second Half of the 20th Century in Romance Countries
10. OTHER RHETORICAL THEORIES AND OTHER CULTURES
EPILOGUE
NOTES
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
NAME INDEX