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Distributed for University of British Columbia Press

Human Rights

The Commons and the Collective

International law evolved to protect human rights. But what are human rights? Does the term have the same meaning in a world being transformed by climate change and globalized trade? Are existing laws sufficient to ensure humanity’s survival? Westra argues that international law privileges individual over collective rights, permitting multinational corporations to overlook the collective and the environment in their quest for wealth. Unless policy makers redefine human rights and reformulate environmental law to protect the preconditions for life itself – water, food, clean air, and biodiversity – humankind faces the complete loss of the ecological commons, one of our most basic human rights.

392 pages | © 2012


Table of Contents

Foreword / William E. Rees

Introduction

Part 1: Basic Collective Rights for Law and Morality -- The Theory

1 Individual Rights and Collective Rights in Conflict: The Ecocentric Perspective and the Commons

2 The Common Good and the Public Interest: Jus Cogens Norms and Erga Omnes Obligations in a Lawless World

3 Communities and Collectives: The Interface

Part 2: Collective Rights, Globalization, and Democracy -- The Practice

4 Collective Basic Rights Today

5 Globalization, Democracy, and Collective Rights

6 Cosmopolitanism, the Moral Community, and Collective Human Rights

Part 3: Toward a New Cosmopolitanism

7 World Law or International Legal Instruments? Toward the Protection of Basic Collective Human Rights

Conclusion

Notes

Works Cited

Index

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