Swedenborg Foundation Publishers
Creating an Orange Utopia
Eliza Lovell Tibbetts and the Birth of California’s Citrus Industry
1st Edition
Distributed for Swedenborg Foundation Publishers
Creating an Orange Utopia
Eliza Lovell Tibbetts and the Birth of California’s Citrus Industry
1st Edition
California’s citrus industry owes a huge debt to the introduction of the navel orange tree—in fact, to two trees in particular, the parent trees of the vast groves of navel oranges that exist in California today. Those trees were planted by a woman named Eliza Lovell Tibbets.
Born in Cincinnati in1823, Eliza’s Swedenborgian faith informed her ideals. Surrounded by artists and free thinkers, her personal journey took her first to New York City, then south to create a better environment for newly freed slaves in racially divided Virginia, and onward to Washington, DC, where she campaigned for women’s rights. But it was in California where she left her true mark, launching an agricultural boom that changed the course of California’s history.
Eliza’s story of faith and idealism will appeal to anyone who is curious about US history, women’s rights, abolitionism, Spiritualism, and California’s early pioneer days. Follow Eliza through loves and fortunes lost and found until she finally finds her paradise in a little town called Riverside.
Excerpt
Historian Esther Klotz believes that the [first navel orange] trees took about one month to make their journey from Washington to Riverside. The young navel orange trees were shipped from the East Coast by rail—first to Gilroy, California, via San Francisco, and then by stagecoach from Gilroy to Los Angeles. The stagecoach trip alone took three days. It is believed that Luther and Eliza Tibbets drove sixty-five miles in their buckboard wagon from Riverside to pick up the trees. According to Klotz’s handwritten notes, the available evidence points to December 10, 1873, as the date the trees arrived. If this is the case, Eliza would have been in Riverside for only a few months.
When the two trees were originally planted, no one really thought much about the event—they had no idea of the trees’ potential value. At the time, the settlers of the Riverside colony were trying out all sorts of potential cash crops, hoping that something would answer their prayers for a sustainable source of income. The navel orange trees were just the latest in a long series of agricultural experiments, most of which brought results that were anything but spectacular. While Riverside would one day become a garden of Eden in the middle of this dry and dusty land, irrigation had not yet become well developed in the area and selection of the right crops for the climate had not yet been perfected.
Mary North Shepard tells the following story of the introduction of the navel orange to Riverside:
"She [Eliza Tibbets] should be accorded a prominent place in the history of California, for it was she who obtained from the Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C., the two little seedless orange trees which were the parent trees of the Washington Navel Orange . . . When the trees arrived, Mr. and Mrs. Tibbets—together—drove into the yard of Mr. G. W. Garcelon with the package containing them in the back of their wagon. Mr. Garcelon was acknowledged to be our leading horticulturalist and they came to ask his advice about how to plant the trees. He told them that, as they had had such a long journey, they were probably very dry. He directed them to immerse them in a tub of water, let them remain in the water over night, and in the morning he would come and personally supervise the planting of them."