Ties That Bound
Founding First Ladies and Slaves
9780226147550
9780226460727
Ties That Bound
Founding First Ladies and Slaves
Behind every great man stands a great woman. And behind that great woman stands a slave. Or so it was in the households of the Founding Fathers from Virginia, where slaves worked and suffered throughout the domestic environments of the era, from Mount Vernon, Monticello, and Montpelier to the nation’s capital. American icons like Martha Washington, Martha Jefferson, and Dolley Madison were all slaveholders. And as Marie Jenkins Schwartz uncovers in Ties That Bound, these women, as the day-to-day managers of their households, dealt with the realities of a slaveholding culture directly and continually, even in the most intimate of spaces.
Unlike other histories that treat the stories of the First Ladies’ slaves as separate from the lives of their mistresses, Ties That Bound closely examines the relationships that developed between the First Ladies and their slaves. For elite women and their families, slaves were more than an agricultural workforce; slavery was an entire domestic way of life that reflected and reinforced their status. In many cases slaves were more constant companions to the white women of the household than were their husbands and sons, who often traveled or were at war. By looking closely at the complicated intimacy these women shared, Schwartz is able to reveal how they negotiated their roles, illuminating much about the lives of slaves themselves, as well as class, race, and gender in early America.
By detailing the prevalence and prominence of slaves in the daily lives of women who helped shape the country, Schwartz makes it clear that it is impossible to honestly tell the stories of these women while ignoring their slaves. She asks us to consider anew the embedded power of slavery in the very earliest conception of American politics, society, and everyday domestic routines.
Unlike other histories that treat the stories of the First Ladies’ slaves as separate from the lives of their mistresses, Ties That Bound closely examines the relationships that developed between the First Ladies and their slaves. For elite women and their families, slaves were more than an agricultural workforce; slavery was an entire domestic way of life that reflected and reinforced their status. In many cases slaves were more constant companions to the white women of the household than were their husbands and sons, who often traveled or were at war. By looking closely at the complicated intimacy these women shared, Schwartz is able to reveal how they negotiated their roles, illuminating much about the lives of slaves themselves, as well as class, race, and gender in early America.
By detailing the prevalence and prominence of slaves in the daily lives of women who helped shape the country, Schwartz makes it clear that it is impossible to honestly tell the stories of these women while ignoring their slaves. She asks us to consider anew the embedded power of slavery in the very earliest conception of American politics, society, and everyday domestic routines.
Reviews
Table of Contents
Author’s Note
Introduction Seen and Unseen
Part 1 Washington
1 The Widow Washington
2 Martha Dandridge
3 Married Lady
4 Mistress of Mount Vernon
5 Revolutionary War
6 First Lady
7 Slaves in the President’s House
8 Home Again
Part 2 Jefferson
9 Martha Wayles
10 Mistress of Monticello I
11 War in Virginia
12 Birth and Death at Monticello
13 Patsy Jefferson and Sally Hemings
14 First Lady
15 Mistress of Monticello II
16 The Hemingses
17 Death of Thomas Jefferson
Part 3 Madison
18 Dolley Payne
19 Mrs. Madison
20 First Lady
21 Mistress of Montpelier
22 Decline of Montpelier
23 The Widow Madison
24 Sale of Montpelier
25 In Washington
26 Death of Dolley Madison
Epilogue Inside and Outside
Introduction Seen and Unseen
Part 1 Washington
1 The Widow Washington
2 Martha Dandridge
3 Married Lady
4 Mistress of Mount Vernon
5 Revolutionary War
6 First Lady
7 Slaves in the President’s House
8 Home Again
Part 2 Jefferson
9 Martha Wayles
10 Mistress of Monticello I
11 War in Virginia
12 Birth and Death at Monticello
13 Patsy Jefferson and Sally Hemings
14 First Lady
15 Mistress of Monticello II
16 The Hemingses
17 Death of Thomas Jefferson
Part 3 Madison
18 Dolley Payne
19 Mrs. Madison
20 First Lady
21 Mistress of Montpelier
22 Decline of Montpelier
23 The Widow Madison
24 Sale of Montpelier
25 In Washington
26 Death of Dolley Madison
Epilogue Inside and Outside
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
Notes
Index
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