The Perils of Belonging
Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe
The Perils of Belonging
Autochthony, Citizenship, and Exclusion in Africa and Europe
Despite being told that we now live in a cosmopolitan world, more and more people have begun to assert their identities in ways that are deeply rooted in the local. These claims of autochthony—meaning “born from the soil”—seek to establish an irrefutable, primordial right to belong and are often employed in politically charged attempts to exclude outsiders. In The Perils of Belonging, Peter Geschiere traces the concept of autochthony back to the classical period and incisively explores the idea in two very different contexts: Cameroon and the Netherlands.
In both countries, the momentous economic and political changes following the end of the cold war fostered anxiety over migration. For Cameroonians, the question of who belongs where rises to the fore in political struggles between different tribes, while the Dutch invoke autochthony in fierce debates over the integration of immigrants. This fascinating comparative perspective allows Geschiere to examine the emotional appeal of autochthony—as well as its dubious historical basis—and to shed light on a range of important issues, such as multiculturalism, national citizenship, and migration.
304 pages | 1 table | 6 x 9 | © 2009
Anthropology: Cultural and Social Anthropology
History: African History, European History
Political Science: Comparative Politics
Reviews
Table of Contents
1 Introduction: Autochthony—the Flip Side of Globalization?
A Primordial yet Global Form of Belonging?
Autochthony’s Genealogy: Some Elements
Autochthony Now: Globalization and the Neoliberal Turn
Autochthony and the Tenacity of the Nation-State
Historical Construction, Political Manipulation and Emotional Power
Approach: From Identity to Subjectivation and Aesthetics
Plan of the Book
2 Cameroon: Autochthony, Democratization ,and New Struggles over Citizenship
Belonging to a Nonexistent Province
Elite Associations and Autochthony: Different Degrees of Citizenship?
The “Sea People” Protected by the New Constitution
Debates in the Cameroonian Press
Autochthony’s “Naturalness”: The Funeral as a Final Test for Belonging
A Tortuous History
An Empty Discourse with Segmentary Implications
Conclusion
3 Cameroon: Decentralization and Belonging
The East and the New Importance of the Forest
The New Forest Law
Participation in Practice
The Elusive Community
The Community as Stakeholder: Belonging and Exclusion
Village or Grande Famille?
The Halfhearted Belonging of the External Elites
Discovering Allogènes at Ever Closer Range
Conclusion
4 African Trajectories
Ivory Coast: Identification and Exclusion
Elsewhere in Africa
“Pygmy” Predicaments: Can Only Citizens Qualify as Autochthons?
5 Autochthony in Europe: The Dutch Turn
The Dutch Switch: From Multiculturalism to Cultural Integration
Overview: How the Netherlands Became an “Immigration Country”
National Consensus and Its History—the Dutch Way
Alternative Solutions
A More Forceful Integration
Allochtonen: A New Term on the Dutch Scene
Elusive Autochthony
History and Culture
Comparisons
6 Cameroon: Nation-Building and Autochthony as Processes of Subjectivation
Nation-Building as an Everyday Reality
Rituals of Belonging: The Funeral at Home as a Celebration of Autochthony
7 Epilogue: Can the Land Lie? Autochthony’s Uncertainties in Africa and Europe
Varying Patterns of Nation-Building in Africa and Their Implications
Autochthony and the Search for Ritual in Europe
Notes
Bibliography
Index