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Karl Marx in America

The vital and untold story of Karl Marx’s stamp on American life.
 
To read Karl Marx is to contemplate a world created by capitalism. People have long viewed the United States as the quintessential anti-Marxist nation, but Marx’s ideas have inspired a wide range of people to formulate a more precise sense of the stakes of the American project. Historians have highlighted the imprint made on the United States by Enlightenment thinkers such as Adam Smith, John Locke, and Thomas Paine, but Marx is rarely considered alongside these figures. Yet his ideas are the most relevant today because of capitalism’s centrality to American life.
 
In Karl Marx in America, historian Andrew Hartman argues that even though Karl Marx never visited America, the country has been infused, shaped, and transformed by him. Since the beginning of the Civil War, Marx has been a specter in the American machine. During the Gilded Age, socialists read Marx as an antidote to the unchecked power of corporations. In the Great Depression, communists turned to Marx in hopes of transcending the destructive capitalist economy. The young activists of the 1960s were inspired by Marx as they gathered to protest an overseas war. Marx’s influence today is evident, too, as Americans have become increasingly attuned to issues of inequality, labor, and power.
 
After decades of being pushed to the far-left corner of intellectual thought, Marx’s ideologies have crossed over into the mainstream and are more alive than ever. Working-class consciousness is on the rise, and, as Marx argued, the future of a capitalist society rests in the hands of the people who work at the point of production. A valuable resource for anyone interested in Marx’s influence on American political discourse, Karl Marx in America is a thought-provoking account of the past, present, and future of his philosophies in American society.
 

600 pages | 27 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2025

Biography and Letters

History: American History, History of Ideas

Political Science: Classic Political Thought

Reviews

"'As long as capitalism persists, Marx cannot be killed.' So writes Andrew Hartman in a capacious, captivating, and learned study that demonstrates why every generation of Americans, on the right as well as left, has been compelled to grapple with and reinterpret Karl Marx and all his works. This is a brilliant, provocative, and highly readable history, essential to an understanding of American capitalism and its critics, past and present."

Nelson Lichtenstein, author of 'A Fabulous Failure: the Clinton Presidency and the Transformation of American Capitalism'

"From Brussels to London and across the Atlantic, Karl Marx’s revolutionary ideas traversed the borders that once presumed to divide American liberals from conservatives, free market boosters from believers in the welfare state, the left from the right. Given Marx’s enduring influence on American thought, we owe a debt of gratitude to Andrew Hartman for reconstructing this important history and presenting it in compulsively readable prose."

Jennifer Ratner-Rosenhagen, University of Wisconsin-Madison

"Karl Marx in America is a fascinating and long overdue book. As Andrew Hartman notes, not only was Marx an active participant in American political debate as a correspondent for the New York Tribune for the crucial decade leading up to the Civil War; he has been a specter haunting American political debate since the Gilded Age. Much American social reform discourse -- from fin de siecle meliorist socialism and Progressivism through postwar industrial and interest-group pluralism, as well as Cold War liberalism, to a neoliberalism experiencing legitimation problems  -- has been shaped in typically unacknowledged debate with, or opposition to, Marx and Marxism. The topic is important, and it is particularly well treated by a deft intellectual historian like Hartman."

Adolph Reed, Jr., University of Pennsylvania

"Marx was in exile for most of his adult life, so he was a kind of foreign import wherever he got read.  But his studies of the United States, what he called the "most modern form of bourgeois society," reshaped his thinking at a critical moment, and this thinking, Andrew Hartman claims, found a home here.  That sounds unlikely, almost ridiculous, in view of the way Marxism has been treated by American intellectuals and activists from Left to Right—as an exotic essence from the other shore which must be spoon fed to the masses or handled as a deadly contaminant, either way appearing as something counter to American values.  But Hartman proves the point in this comprehensive, convincing, and yes, even entertaining book, Karl Marx in America.  It's a brilliant tour de force that might persuade Americans that we are the other shore, inhabitants of the place that Marxism was made for."

James Livingston, Rutgers University

Table of Contents

Introduction: Karl Marx, Ghost in the American Machine
1. American Revolutionary: The US Civil War
2. Working-Class Hero: The Gilded Age
3. Bolshevik: The Russian Revolution
4. Prophet: The Great Depression
5. False Prophet: Midcentury Liberalism
6. Red Menace: Postwar Conservatism
7. Humanist Liberator: The New Left
8. Theorist: Academia in the Age of Reagan
9. Specter Haunting: Twenty-First-Century Capitalism

Acknowledgments
Notes
Illustration Credits
Index

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