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The Elephant in the Room

How to Stop Making Ourselves and Other Animals Sick

A healthier future starts with seeing the human causes of wildlife diseases.
 
When new diseases spread, news reports often focus on wildlife culprits—rodents, monkeys and mpox; bats and COVID-19; waterfowl and avian flu; or mosquitoes and Zika. But, in this urgent and engaging book, we see it often works the other way around—humans have caused diseases in other animals countless times, through travel and transport, the changes we impose on our environment, and global warming. With science journalist Liz Kalaugher as our guide, we meet the wildlife we have harmed and the experts now studying the crosscurrents between humans, other animals, and health.
 
Herds of buffalo in Kenya, cloned ferrets in Colorado, and frogs shipped worldwide as living pregnancy tests for humans, all help Kalaugher dive into the murky backstories behind wildlife epidemics past and present. We learn that military conflict likely contributed to the spread of rinderpest, or cattle plague, throughout Africa, devastating pastoral communities. That crowded poultry farms may create virulent new forms of bird flu that spill back into the wild. And that West Nile virus—which affects not only birds and humans, but other animals, including horses, skunks, and squirrels—is spreading as global temperatures rise.
 
Expanding today’s discussions of environmental protection to include illness and its impact, Kalaugher both sounds the alarm and explores ways to stop the emergence and spread of wildlife diseases. These solutions start with a simple lesson: when we protect other animals, we protect ourselves.

288 pages | 20 color plates | 6 x 9 | © 2025

Biological Sciences: Evolutionary Biology, Natural History

Medicine

Reviews

“Kalaugher provides a fascinating dive into the complex nexus of disease and conservation, a topic that behooves us all to sit up and pay attention. If you don’t give a zebra’s stripe about sick animals, you should still read this book, if only to preserve your own hide.”

Kate MacCord, author of “How Does Germline Regenerate?”

“Extinction happens, but it doesn’t just happen. Books about species extinction and endangerment concentrate on causes like overhunting, habitat loss, invasive species, and so on, but as Kalaugher relates in her thoroughly accessible book, most have little to say about the most insidious cause of all: virulent, highly transmissible infectious diseases capable of producing massive losses within incredibly short periods of time. Environmental disruptions, nowadays overwhelmingly the byproduct of deleterious human activities, can exacerbate the situation by throwing together pathogens and species in new combinations neither had ever experienced. Whether this might have led to sudden losses as people spread over the planet (think woolly mammoths, giant lemurs, and dodos) remains a subject of specialist debate, but current examples of disease-induced population collapses (think monk seals, saiga antelopes, black footed ferrets) suggest that the issue is very real, not a figment of overheated theory. The Elephant in the Room is the story of pathogen pollution and our role in forcing it on the world, told through an absorbing mix of cutting-edge science, intelligent analysis, and clear warnings from the field.”

Ross D. E. MacPhee, author of “End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World’s Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest Animals”

“As a physician-scientist, facts are the currency of my work, but facts don’t tell themselves. That’s the beauty of this book—Kalaugher has brought facts to life through compelling storytelling. This is an entertaining read as much as it is enlightening. We are in the midst of the ‘pandemicene,’ and it’s imperative that we all understand how our health as humans is inextricably linked to the health of other animals and the environment. We simultaneously face other existential threats from climate change and loss of biodiversity. Anyone who reads this book will come away with an understanding that these are all symptoms of a planet in distress, but that it’s not too late to act. We have the tools we need to fight back, and there is hope to be found in the pages of this wonderful book.”

Neil Vora, Conservation International

“We are making animals sick and suffering the consequences. We’ve been doing it since the Stone Age, but factory farming, globalized travel, and climate change are making it much worse. Kalaugher’s warm, wise book describes the problem in compelling detail: a story of invasive species, ecological imbalances, and good intentions gone wrong. We travel with her to meet animals in trouble around the world, to hear from the men and women trying to save them, and to learn what we need to do to avoid a fight to the death. From devastating loss comes a powerful call to hope and action.”

Josephine Quinn, author of “How the World Made the West: A 4,000 Year History”

“To reduce infectious disease, first tackle animal health. After a global pandemic we urgently need to learn how. Kalaugher spells out the ways in an expertly chosen set of case studies about diagnosis, prevention, and (sometimes) cure in a host of different species from zebras to bats to apes. She is a sure-footed guide to the tangled lives of viruses and their hosts and brings together the latest science with reports from the field to craft a convincing case for action. Her book is a vital reminder that our health depends on the health of our ecosystems, and we neglect them at our peril.”

Jon Turney, author of “Cracking Neuroscience”

Table of Contents

Preface
1 Wild Horse Chase: Grevy’s Zebra, Extinctions and Wildlife Diseases
2 A Mammoth Problem: Early Travel, Disappearing Neanderthals and Vanishing Megafauna
3 The Canary in the Hawaiian Chain: Honeycreepers, Colonial Ships, Accidental Imports, Avian Pox and Avian Malaria
4 Measly Migration: Close Contact, War, and Rinderpest’s Deadly Jump from Cattle to African Wildlife
5 Tasmanian Troubles: Sheep Farming, Extinct Tigers and ‘Distemper’
6 Black Feet and Black Death: Long-distance Trade, Plague, Prairie Dog Days and Ferret Futures
7 Seals Go to the Dogs: Unusual Contact and Morbilliviruses out at Sea
8 A Devil of a Problem: Farming and Tasmanians Devilled by Cancer
9 Fungus and Frogs: Lab Animals, Pets, Food, and Trading Amphibian Disease Internationally
10 City Catches: Foxes, Mange and High-Density Living
11 Warming and Westerning: Climate Change, American Crows and West Nile Virus
12 Monkey Mix-up: Muriquis, Vanishing Forests and Yellow Fever
13 Bats for Bushmeat: Plantations, Eco-tourism, Apes and Ebola
14 Big Farma: Industrial Farming and Bird Flu
15 Changing Our Stripes: Protecting Ourselves and Other Wildlife
Endnotes
Acknowledgements
Index

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