From Science to Computational Sciences
Studies in the History of Computing and its Influence on Today‘s Sciences
9783037343463
Distributed for DIAPHANES
From Science to Computational Sciences
Studies in the History of Computing and its Influence on Today‘s Sciences
In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation. In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones. The invention of the computer in the 1940s allowed scientists to realise numerical simulations of increasingly complex problems like weather forecasting, and climate and molecular modelling. Today, computers are widely used as computational laboratories, shifting science toward the computational sciences. By replacing analytical methods with numerical ones, they have expanded theory and experimentation by simulation.
During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools.
During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools.
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Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
Gabriele Gramelsberger
A Brief Introduction to the Volume
From Science to Computational Sciences - A Science History and Philosophy Overview
II. ORIGINS OF SIMULATION AND RATIONAL PROGNOSIS
Sybille Krämer
Roots and Media of Computational Power. Some Remarks on the Genesis and Genius of Quantification in Early European Modernity
Gabriele Gramelsberger
A Brief Introduction to the Volume
From Science to Computational Sciences - A Science History and Philosophy Overview
II. ORIGINS OF SIMULATION AND RATIONAL PROGNOSIS
Sybille Krämer
Roots and Media of Computational Power. Some Remarks on the Genesis and Genius of Quantification in Early European Modernity
David Alan Grier
The Early Progress of Scientific Simulation
Thomas Brandstetter
Mimetic Experiments before the Invention of the Computer
Thomas Lange
Computer Simulation in the V2 Rocket Development
Peter Galison
Computer Simulations and the Trading Zone
Gabriele Gramelsberger
From Computation with Experiments to Experiments with Computation
III. REVERSE ENGINEERING OF NATURE BY NUMBERS
David Alan Grier
Towards A Definition of Simulation
Sergio Sismondo
Simulation as a New Style of Research: Iteration, Integration, and Instability
Johannes Lenhard
Artificial, False, and Performing Well
Erika Mansnerus
Explanatory and Predictive Functions of Simulation Modelling. Case: Haemophilus Influenzae type b Dynamic Transmission Models
Renate Mayntz
Research Technology, the Computer and Scientific Advance
Johann Feichter
The Earth System
Peter Bexte
Uncertainty in Grammar / The Grammar of Uncertainty. Some Remarks on the Future Perfect
IV. APPENDIX
Authors
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