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The Cure

A Story of Cancer and Politics from the Annals of the Cold War

The Cure

A Story of Cancer and Politics from the Annals of the Cold War

Did America try to steal Soviet "cancer secrets"? And how could a cancer cure turn into a "biological atomic bomb"? Nikolai Krementsov’s compelling tale of cancer and politics is the story of a husband-and-wife team who developed a promising anticancer treatment in Stalin’s Russia, only to see their discovery entangled in Cold War rivalries, ideological conflict, and scientific turf wars.

In 1946, Nina Kliueva and Grigorii Roskin announced the discovery of a preparation able to "dissolve" tumors in mice. Preliminary clinical trials suggested that KR, named after its developers, might work in humans as well. Media hype surrounding KR prompted the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union to seek U.S.-Soviet cooperation in perfecting the possible cure. But the escalating Cold War gave this American interest a double edge. Though it helped Kliueva and Roskin solicit impressive research support from the Soviet leadership, including Stalin, it also thrust the couple into the center of an ideological confrontation between the superpowers. Accused of divulging "state secrets" to America, the couple were put on a show trial, and their "antipatriotic sins" were condemned in Soviet stage and film productions.

Parlaying their notoriety into increased funding, Kliueva and Roskin continued their research, but envious colleagues discredited their work and took over their institute. For years, work on KR languished and ceased entirely with the deaths of Kliueva and Roskin. But recently, the Russian press reported that work on KR has begun again, reopening this illuminating story of the intersection among Cold War politics, personal ideals, and biomedical research.

277 pages | 43 halftones, 7 line drawings | 6 x 9 | © 2002

History: European History

History of Science

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations
Cast of Characters
Prologue
Act I. Discovery
Roskin: A Man and His Microscope
A Discovery
A Scientist at Work
Act II. Innovation
Kliueva: Making of a Bacteriologist
Research and Development
Boy Meets Girl
Act III. War
Retreat
The War and Soviet Medicine
Revival
Veber’s Ploy
Act IV. Politics
The American Ambassador
KR Comes to the New World
Between Worlds
Act V. Ideology
The Cold War
The Honor Court
The Trial
The KR Affair
Act VI. Culture
On Stage: Alien Shadow
On Screen: The Court of Honor
Fiction and Reality
Act VII. Ambitions
Building the Lab
Turf Wars
Competitive Exclusion
Act VIII. Ideas
KR on Trial
Between Bench and Bedside
"Trypanosa" and "Cruzin"
Epilogue
List of Abbreviations
Notes
Acknowledgments
Index

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